Dissertation writing: Prerequisites formal

Before you are admitted to the doctoral degree program, you usually have a master’s or diploma degree; in subjects with a state examination, such as law, medicine or teaching, you have obtained the state examination.

In addition to obtaining a doctorate in your field of study, you not only earn the highest academic degree (a professor is not an academic degree, but an official title), but it is also usually considered a prerequisite for a subsequent habilitation.

It does not matter whether you write your dissertation at the university or externally at another institution. However, dissertations make a big difference to other dissertations: they have to be published, which is usually associated with some costs.

When you write your dissertation, you can prove that you can work independently on your own, ie you are able to acquire complex knowledge, to be able to express it in your own words, to draw conclusions from it, and to supplement it with new research findings.

Because in contrast to scientific homework during the study, a dissertation must have added value; With your own new research results, you contribute to the gain of knowledge of your department.

Another special feature of a doctoral thesis is that the scope is usually significantly higher than that of previous theses. A dissertation is preceded by extensive research, both in terms of topic selection and literature research.

Especially in the humanities dissertations can be between 150 and 400 pages, accordingly, a doctorate takes a long time and can take up to four years. The situation is different in medicine. There, a dissertation can also have the size of 30 pages, it is usually written next to the work.

Write a dissertation: Tips

A doctorate and the subsequent doctorate still stand for a certain reputation in the population, this is especially true among medical professionals, so that most doctors do a doctorate, although it would not be necessary for their work.

For humanities and social scientists writing a dissertation is often the basic requirement for a university career. Many jobs and sometimes even volunteer positions in the civil service either rely on applicants with doctorate degrees or explicitly associate the advertised position with a doctoral thesis.

So it’s not just vanity that makes many academics tackle more laborious years of work. Before you decide on a dissertation, you should also think about the financing: Working alongside studying is already a double burden that should not be underestimated.

However, a dissertation requires a much larger focus. So it’s best to clarify in advance whether scholarships or research loans are an option. If you have decided to write a dissertation, consider the following steps.

Choice of subject

The most important point ever. In contrast to previous work, you must have a topic that has not been the subject of a dissertation. To do this, you must review bibliographies of dissertations and other university publications as well as databases on research projects.

Anyone who does not thoroughly research here runs the risk of obtaining a doctorate for one and the same topic. In the final analysis, this would mean that your doctorate is not recognized. Another benefit of the research is that it gives you an overview of related topics that will inspire you to write your own dissertation.

Incidentally, the search should not only cover the Internet and national literature databases, but also the entire German-speaking area. If you are particularly interested in foreign language sources for your dissertation, you must, of course, also access foreign literature databases. But the most important point is: It should be a topic that suits you. They will deal with this for the time being – perhaps years.

PhD supervisor

Here a good doctoral supervisor can be of great help. For example, if you have already completed seminars with him, he may know your interests and inclinations, can give you valuable information on the state of research, and so on. It is more difficult if you have to find a completely new career that you do not know. Either way, you should look for an exchange with former PhD students to find out how well they will be cared for and given the support they need, or whether a lecturer is known to drop dissertations.

Workplace

Do not underestimate the place of work. Eight or ten hours at the desk in the quiet little room with a view of the house wall or the parking lot can be considered as little inspiring. Moreover, this form of home office is not for everyone: these are your private premises and now you should spend not only free time, but also working hours?

This brings with it a lack of distance and less clear separation that not everyone can handle. Of course, not everyone has the opportunity to rent an office. A slightly cheaper option is Coworking Space or the library. It helps you to concentrate on the necessary and protects against unnecessary distractions.

Technical requirements

Be sure to clarify what equipment you need, think of camera, camera, laptop: Will you conduct interviews? Much is possible today with the smartphone, however, are often even better quality batteries, microphone and playback options of tape recorders.

Equally important, however, is the choice of a suitable writing program and the use of a reference management program. Experience reports that the latter is very complex and requires several days of training, but it pays off at the end, as you keep such an overview of the literature used.

Also of great importance is the securing of your dissertation on different data media. The possibilities are very diverse today and you should make use of it: Before the hard disk fills you, you should have saved your dissertation in various other places. In addition to an external hard drive, USB stick and the device on which you write, offer a cloud such as Dropbox.

Outline and schedule

The structure of a dissertation should vary from department to department. To be on the safe side, ask your faculty if there is a doctoral thesis guide to follow. For example, a rough outline might look like this:

• Title page
• Appointment sheet
• Dedication (if applicable)
• Table of Contents
• Abbreviations, tables of illustrations and tables
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Materials & Methods
• Chapter 3: Results
• Chapter 4: Discussion
• Chapter 5: Summary
• Chapter 6: Bibliography
• Attachment (optional and subject-specific)
• Credits
• Curriculum vitae

The timetable helps you keep track. This is especially important if your financing – for example in the form of a scholarship – depends on it. In conjunction with the structure you should divide your dissertation into manageable snacks. They are much less scary than the big picture.

Leisure

The dissertation will sustainably determine your life for a long time, which you should also communicate to your environment. However, what should also be planned, is a balance to write a dissertation, this can be sports or social contacts, which are naturally driven back a bit. Some PhD students dive completely while they are completing their PhD. You should find a balance between time off and working hours, only then you have enough energy and inspiration to write your dissertation again. If you have a good ideas for your dissertation but not able to write in the most appropriate way, you can visit this place https://www.amblesideprimary.com/dissertation-writing-service and trust this work to professionals.

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Thanks to gadgets “go to the library” and take the book in 2 clicks. Technical innovations give new opportunities for study and entertainment.

Here are 5 popular devices that will help students learn more effectively.

Mobile phone

Students can be divided into 2 types:

Owners of smartphones;

Those who are satisfied with the “brick” with a weekly battery reserve.

The smartphone is useful in studies, as it supports the download of useful applications necessary for study.

However, the phone is not only good, but also entertainment. With the help of the gadget, students exchange information, do selfies, upload photos to Instagram, communicate in Facebook.

The five popular brands of phones

• Apple
• Samsung
• Lenovo
• HTC
• Nokia

A laptop

The student needs mobility. Remember the time when you were 100 times over to check your course and every time there were errors. It is much easier to immediately make edits, not at home, when many comments have already flown out of my head.

Gamer laptops – an entertainment center after a busy school day, where students play games on the network, watch movies in good quality, communicate with friends.

The tablet

The tablet is suitable for surfing the Internet, exchanging letters and working with images.

Top three popular brands:

• Apple
• Samsung
• Lenovo

The tablet is often considered as an alternative to a laptop. We would not advise completely to give up the laptop. If you need to quickly type the text, throw on the flash drive course or draw a drawing, then the tablet is not an assistant.

EBook

Increasingly, young people prefer paper readers to readers. This is convenient, because you do not need to carry heavy books, sit in libraries, looking for the necessary material.

The readers are small, compact, easily fit in a purse. The standard screen size is 5 or 6 inches, there are large ones – up to 8-10 inches.

Additional convenience – the font size, which can be set for your eyesight.

Dictaphone

Dictaphone is used not only by journalists. Teachers in universities give a huge amount of information and lecture at a fairly fast pace. A professional voice recorder will come to the aid of the student. Listening to lectures is more convenient on the road, and at home you can easily compose a summary.

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This was stated by the British scientist Pierson Yen, reports HighTech.

He noted that over the past decades, these corporations have invested billions of dollars in the development of artificial intelligence. The analyst believes that in the near future, companies will also pay attention to biotechnology, and eventually develop projects to implant in the bodies of people special chips that analyze their behavior and body condition.

In the opinion of the scientist, in the future, governments of states can even allow corporations to influence the neurons of people.

Futurist emphasizes that corporations will pay attention not only to the technological side of such projects, but also to biological ones. So, in his opinion, specialists are already studying the possibilities of introducing genetic engineering for the treatment of various diseases and pathologies.

Google

Ian noted that all these factors in the future will give corporations virtually unlimited influence on people’s lives: they can manage the leisure of the population, guarantee people immortality and even kill people at their discretion.

Apple

Earlier it was reported that the British parliamentary commission proposed to deal with unreliable news. For the spread of fakes, the British propose to approve additional taxes. In particular, Internet companies Facebook, Google and Twitter came under the sights of parliamentarians, from which, in fact, it is proposed to take a fee.

In the British parliament it is considered necessary to give companies a special status, which provides for increased responsibility for the disseminated data.

“We are now faced with a crisis in the use of data on the Internet and manipulation of personal data,” the report of the commission on digital technologies, culture and media says, in particular.

Recall, Zuckerberg was on the brink of collapse after Facebook lost a couple of hours 150 billion.

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In general, it does not often happen that devices after the review remain in constant use. But this allows you to better evaluate them and identify those problems and shortcomings that are not always possible to detect during the initial testing, as a rule, very short. This is especially true in the modern world, where every device has long been not only and not so much hardware as the firmware and related software. In the case of Xiaomi’s “smart house”, it turned out that some of the equipment remained after the test, and a part – literally after the first review – was bought already independently.

Start, as usual, have to use Mi Home. The first rule of Mi Home: do not try to control all “smart” devices through Mi Home! It sounds strange, but it’s true. Firstly, for the same Yeelight and Flower Care sensor, there are own applications that are better, safer and even faster in places. Secondly, if you do not try to automate everything, then you cannot drive everything into Mi Home. Thirdly, Mi Home modules still suffer from problems with localization, and some do not work at all (for a bracelet, for example). Updates of the application are laid out in Google Play all the same with a big delay in comparison with the versions in the own Xiaomi store. However, this is not such a problem.

There are a few updates in the last year. First, Mi Home radically changed design. For purely subjective sensations, the application became “heavier” and somewhat slower. The main emphasis is now on grouping devices by their location (rooms). When there are many, it really makes sense. Secondly, at last new cloud servers appeared, to which your devices are attached. The full list of countries now looks like China, the US, Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, India, Europe and others. Although, to be honest, I stayed on the original Chinese server, which can work with all smart devices. Simply because after changing the server, I do not want to reconfigure all this good.

Thirdly, Xiaomi actively promotes the voice control of the “smart” house. You can even use the friendly Xiaomi ecosystem IP camera with a microphone. The interface itself Mi Home has become mostly available in its native language, but, as mentioned above, this does not apply to the modules.

Conclusions? Yes, exactly the same as in previous reviews. Firstly, all these devices of the “smart home” simplify life a little and make it more comfortable, but without them you can absolutely do without it. Secondly, Xiaomi products are more expensive than noname brands from the Middle Kingdom, but much cheaper than products of conditional Western companies. Just do not forget that almost all products are focused on the local market. This manifests itself in everything – from unsuitable electrical plugs to very slow interface localization. Third, all this still have to be ordered in online stores. So there can be problems with warranty service. Officially, we have only a night light out of all this good. If this does not stop you, then it makes sense to begin acquaintance with “smart” (in fact, not very) devices with the products of Yeelight. With her the least problems, and her work can be seen with her own eyes, literally. And it is relatively inexpensive. Yeelight continues to expand the range, but is increasingly engaged in creating lamps of the usual form factors: ceiling, wall or embedded. I would like to see devices like Nanoleaf panels.

The second place in the personal hit parade is a kettle-thermostat. It would seem that there is no “hi-tech” here. However, in practice it turned out that the function of heating up to a certain temperature and subsequent heating is very useful. And in general, the design of the kettle, in my opinion, very successful. Well, I’ll be more careful with the coating of the bulb, because I do not want to go back to the kettles of other manufacturers. If this one breaks, I’ll buy exactly the same. Exactly the same can be said about the extension cable. The third place is occupied by the air purifier. With an attitude towards him, it is still difficult to determine. Mind you understand that he, in theory, at least useful: air clears, dust less. But at the same time, no other and, most importantly, no apparent positive effects from it. And it is worth it in absolute figures is not so little, and filters for it should be bought two or three times a year. In general, while the desire to buy another cleaner or a newer version, if not himself, at least parents did not arise.

The remaining devices fall into the list of outsiders. Among all sensors for the gateway, only the temperature and humidity sensors proved to be most useful. There are plans to purchase leakage and smoke detectors at some kind of sale, but only because the gateway already exists. And the gateway, perhaps, makes sense to use not in an apartment, but in a separate house. Sensor for flowers and was far more a toy. I do not rule out that he really helped someone in the care of plants, but for me it is generally not very useful. Well, the IP-camera White Smart certainly should not be bought. Her sincere love of the homeland cannot be defeated, so it’s better to take either something from Yi, or any other from the famous brand.

In general, the platform of “smart home” from Xiaomi can still be called quite raw. Promotion, and with it, and adaptation in the international market is slow. The expansion of the range of products also slowed down. Yes, the Xiaomi option is ultimately much cheaper than solutions, so to speak, professional platforms. But at the same time, it is not without its drawbacks. Key issues are openness and security. In fact, Xiaomi’s “ecosystem” is rather closed. And on the second point, developers are traditionally tactfully silent. Although this is just the most important thing, and not the possibility to automate (and necessarily beautifully) to process every desire of the user.

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Today there is no need to carry a heavy backpack with textbooks, it is enough to have one tablet or smartphone. In the article “5 gadgets for a productive academic year” we considered the main assistant students. It turns out that if there are electronic textbooks, then there must be applications for reading and translating them, and also for creating cheat sheets, keeping notes and calculating complex mathematical problems. Similar functions have a smartphone, applying them, the child will be easier to perceive new information.

Help in math

Imagine you are photographing the equation, and the application displays its solution in action. Photomath – an unusual calculator-camera, gives the answer of any task by her photo. Conveniently, the application recognizes not only printed text, but also handwritten. Now you are subject to integrals, logarithms, derivatives, all sorts of equations and other calculations. Many will think that it is unreasonable to deprive the child of the opportunity to decide on his own, but you will agree, in a stressful situation on the exam, it becomes very difficult to calculate the discriminant and the root of it.

Photomath is available for iOS and Android.

Convenient reading of electronic textbooks

Electronic textbooks are an indispensable find for students. Using the PocketBook reader application, textbooks on several subjects are available for reading in one smartphone. The child can choose a comfortable reading mode, with the ability to select text and make notes. The application supports the following text formats: PDF, EPUB, DjVu, TXT, FB2, CHM, html (basic), RTF.

PocketBook reader is available for iOS and Android.

Quick text translation into 103 languages

It makes no sense to carry an English-French phrasebook with you when you have a smartphone. Google Translator will provide a high-quality translation into 103 languages, 52 of them are available without an Internet connection. The text can be translated and simply photographed it.

Google Translate is available for iOS and Android.

Joint editing of documents

In our previous article about “clouds” for your information, you can choose the appropriate cloud storage for your smartphone. With it, students can create common cribs, saving a lot of time for everyone. It will be convenient for students to jointly edit a course project or a thesis, in a single text document. Also, storage free up space on your smartphone and tablet.

All apps are uploaded to Google Play and the App Store.

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Everyone knows the situation when there is not enough free space on the smartphone and you did not have a gadget solving the problem. Your smartphone is always connected to the Internet and provides access to cloud storage, which is an excellent alternative to removable drives. Thanks to the “cloud” your photos, documents, video files and other necessary information will be available on any device, at any time, while freeing up the phone’s memory. The variety of modern storage facilities simultaneously excludes and creates a problem of choice. We decided to figure out and made the top 5 free Cloud storage for your smartphone.

1. Google Drive

A fairly popular cloud storage that allows you to store your data and share it with other users on the Internet. When you register, you are provided with 15 GB of free space. The service supports many formats, thanks to the built-in office suite Google Docs, which competes with Microsoft Office Online. Directly in the cloud storage, you can listen to music, watch videos, work with various documents and archives. Synchronization with Google+ and Gmail, allows you to add the necessary information to emails immediately from the service. Google Drive is compatible with iOS, Android, Windows, Mac.

2. Dropbox

All known cloud storage, created in 2008. Every year, the service is improved. Dropbox is integrated with Microsoft Office and Microsoft Office Online, which allows you to edit office documents directly in the browser and work with documents. The service provides a minimum of 2 GB of free space, which is easily increased, thanks to constant promotions and bonuses. For example, inviting friends, installing a service on a computer, sharing files and other activities are rewarded with additional megabytes of space. Dropbox is compatible with iOS, Android, Windows, Mac, BlackBerry and Linux.

3. OneDrive

The storage was created in 2007 and until 2014 was called Microsoft SkyDrive. Today, OneDrive is one of the main Cloud data stores. The main advantage of OneDrive is full integration with Office 365, which allows you to create, edit and save Excel, OneNote, PowerPoint and Word files directly in the application using Windows Live OneDrive. The application provides an opportunity for teamwork, which is convenient for business. The service offers 5 GB of free space for registration and is compatible with iOS, Android, Mac Windows.

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The era of applications is a thing of the past. The chat bots that replaced them become a new face of artificial intelligence.

A study by Chatbot Market Analysis from Grand View Research showed that the global virtual assistant market was estimated at nearly $ 200 million as far back as 2016 and was expected to grow to about $ 1.23 billion by 2025.

Standard chat-bots are based on scripts and respond using pre-entered data. Assistants of the new model are engaged in “self-education”: with the help of machine learning they constantly improve their ability to understand the speech of the user and give answers that are relevant in form and content. Communication should resemble correspondence with a living person, and replicas of bots – be clear and concise.

As a rule, people do not read messages longer than three lines. Following the traditional “wooden” dialogue routes, AI will not be able to provide the user with the most useful information.

Owners of new businesses see in chat bots a huge potential for the B2B segment. According to the same research, more than half of the end users of chat-bots are large companies, a significant part also belongs to medium-sized businesses. Most companies have long switched to virtual support.

But not a single support: chat bots have become an integral part of the lead generation and are already used as business assistants who are able to cope with a wide range of tasks. From planning, moving and canceling meetings to drawing up contracts, ordering and consulting clients.

The LivePerson survey showed that 48% of consumers do not care, they say with a bot or with a person if their requests are met. 33% of respondents perceive chat bots positively, only 19% of respondents feel displeasure. I think this figure will decrease soon.

Of course, the scenarios for which modern chat bots are working are still far from Tarantino’s dialogues, but to explain why a user needs a product or service, they are perfectly able. For example, to outline the benefits of paid subscription and to argue the appropriateness of its acquisition. Chat bots are also actively used in HR for recruiting potential employees, in particular, monitoring, selection and updating of information about candidates.

However, not everything is as simple as it might seem at first glance. Integration of chat bots with payment systems and social networks is a long and time consuming process. But when it is completed, a real revolution will happen: the user will receive an ultimate freedom of action within his personal account, to which an electronic wallet and virtual smart assistant will be attached. It is critically important for business owners not to miss this moment.

During any business process, a huge number of repetitive tasks arise, many of which require integration with different types of systems. Ebola, for example, develops products based on chat bots, both for internal use in AGAMA Communications, and directly for the clients of the holding.

The main tasks of the virtual assistant are the response to the request and its execution. Often, their implementation implies a complex interaction between such systems. Technology, like user needs, is constantly changing, so when developing new-generation chat bots, it is worthwhile to apply an iterative approach, analyzing and adjusting the intermediate results in the process – in the same way as they will function in the finished form in the future.

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But only in May 2007 the idea was transformed into a real project called iTunes U. His vocation is to distribute educational materials under the authorship of leading world universities to computer devices of ordinary Americans. The installed iTunes U software on the iPad, iPhone or iPod touch will provide the user with a convenient and beautiful interface to the huge information database of free video courses, lectures, books and other interesting resources from leading educational institutions.

Recently Apple has created a new page for users of iTunes U service. It offers download the latest version of iTunes client, as well as get acquainted with the subject itself. Like, what is iTunes U?

From the left information column in the Using iTunes U tab you are offered to download the latest version of this program. Also, just below on the page you can get acquainted with the advantage of student accounts in iTunes U, iTunes U settings for Mac computers and computers running Windows.

The next tab under the heading iTunes U Course Manager hides the description of the administration service. iTunes U Course Manager is a web service, it gives authors the tools to distribute and edit educational content.

The last tab from the list – iTunes U Public Site Manager – contains a description of popular issues on content control, the publication of educational materials in the Apple Store.

This support service is entirely in English, and iTunes U itself is aimed at learning material of foreign origin. Nevertheless, this fact is not a barrier to education: a lot of the inhabitants of our planet possess knowledge of English.

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Everything changes in this age of change

If you are interested in the situation in the tablet industry, then, for sure, remember that Wacom had two lines, differing in functionality and, accordingly, in positioning.

The Bamboo lineup included tablets for beginners, and to Intuos – solutions for professionals. Cintiq tablet screens stood apart.

Since autumn the situation has changed. The name Bamboo is now used mainly for products targeted at tablet computers (these are numerous capacitive styluses and applications). There are also “touch-ups”, more suitable for PC control and handwriting text input.

The name Intuos combined almost all the tablets (except for those equipped with their own touch screen, they still belong to the Cintiq family), for professional solutions, the Pro additive is used that does not allow multiple interpretations.

Intuos: which tablet do you need?

Since handwriting information has not yet received any serious distribution, the tablets are used for editing photos and creating digital illustrations / 3D models.

Theoretically, to work with a photo editor, a simple device that distinguishes the force of pressing is sufficient (usually this is regulated by the density of the “paint” applied to the mask or image or the size of the “brush”). And beginning retouchers instead of exercises with a mouse can learn the basics of crafts with Intuos Pen.

A more advanced version is Intuos Pen & Touch. In her there is already an eraser, and the tablet itself recognizes and touches fingers, and several (well, gestures, without them nowhere anywhere).

The body of the tablet is made of silver or black plastic, it is thin and suspiciously light. Above the active area there are four buttons whose functions depend on the application being used and are assigned in the driver.

A loop of a ribbon on the upper edge of the body – the pen holder. By the way, in the set of their two – colorful, to emphasize their own individuality.

Intuos Pen & Touch works both via USB and wirelessly (radio module – transmitter, battery and receiver – sold separately).

The force of pressing allows you to control the thickness or density of a stroke, but not its shape. This is the main difference between the usual Intuos from Intuos Pro.

Professional models, in addition to the force of pressing, determine the degree of tilt of the pen relative to the surface of the tablet, and this makes it possible to simulate the geometry of the stroke. In retouching, almost no role, but for serious drawing / painting – almost necessary.

Naturally, professionally-oriented models are more precise (higher resolution and more degrees of sensitivity). And they are designed for more intensive use, their bodies are stiffer, and the working surface is not so scratched by the tip.

Intuos Pro. What is the difference from the previous version?

It is difficult to perfect the ideal. But you can. Wacom has long provided such outstanding characteristics of its tablets that further technological progress has lost practical meaning.

The resolution of 5080 lpi (lines per inch) is more than enough to work, especially considering the possibility of scaling. 2048 degrees of depression is enough to simulate a variety of instruments, well, maybe except for large soft brushes like fude for Japanese calligraphy.

What’s next? Ergonomics. And also – the complete set of delivery. This is what distinguishes the new Intuos Pro from Intuos 5.

There are three sizes available: small (working area 157 x 98 mm), medium (224 x 140 mm) and large (325 x 203 mm). There is also a Special Edition of the most popular, average, version. The only difference is the silver stripes from above and from below, the design method is inspired by classic film cameras from the last century.

The active area is located far enough from the edge of the body, it is convenient to draw at its borders – the hand lies on the bar and there is a fulcrum.

Wacom tablets are designed in such a way that they can use both right-handed and left-handed. It is enough to turn the device 180 °. The idea is brilliant in its simplicity. For its implementation, it was necessary to observe the equality of the dimensions of the opposing elements that frame the working surface and make a symmetrical set of control elements.

As in the previous version, eight buttons are available to the user, two on the top and the bottom are marked with different protruding parts – this is very convenient for working “blindly”.

There is also a “control wheel” with an active central area, without moving parts. It uses touch technology and tracks the position / movement of the finger.

In Intuos 5, the controls were completely covered with soft-touch plastic – the gap between the button and the body covered the membrane. In Intuos Pro, developers returned to the usual buttons: maybe it looks not so stylish, but it’s easier to press.

Hardware buttons – ExpressKeys – can be assigned to keyboard shortcuts. Thus, for each application, eight shortcut buttons for a function or a menu / toolbar are created for the tool parameters, etc. The driver automatically substitutes the desired value when working in the corresponding program.

Wacom engineers refused to display the buttons in Intuos 5, transferring the visual connection with the person on the computer screen – absolutely correct solution, since most users at work look at the monitor, rather than on the tablet.

When you click on the buttons, a semi-transparent panel appears with a hint that it is assigned to one or another control.

Multifunctional is the “wheel”. The button within it sequentially switches four (also assigned via the driver and application-specific) functions, while one of the four LEDs lights up on the tablet.

However, that’s not all. The driver allows you to create a so-called. a circular menu – a translucent panel on the screen, called by one of the hardware buttons. Eight sectors of the circle can be assigned commands / keyboard combinations that will be worked out when pointing at them with the cursor and pressing the tablet.

After spending some time in thoughtful setting, an artist or a retoucher can create for himself a comfortable set of control elements, which will allow you to access the keyboard only in the rarest of cases, and therefore, literally avoid unnecessary movements.

Pro-versions are equipped with a universal pen with an eraser, a rocker for two positions under the index finger and interchangeable tips. For operation, neither a battery inside nor wires to the tablet body is required.

In the driver, you can very fine-tune the parameters of the pen – assigning buttons, sensitivity to pressing, etc.

To retouch photos, the material of the tip does not matter, the main thing is comfortable moving over the surface.

It’s a different matter when drawing. Of course, there cannot be a complete analogy, but the difference between “felt-tip pen” and “pencil” is felt well.

Replaceable tips (this is an expendable material, they wear out friction and are sold separately) are hidden in a desk stand for the pen. It is designed in such a way that the pen can either be put or put (almost like an ink tank).

In the arsenal of Wacom there is an Art Pen – feather, imitating a felt-tip pen with an angled rod. The tablet recognizes the rotation of this pen around its axis and communicates this information to the application.

Wacom tablets support the Tool Id technology. The point is that each pen (and there is also a digital airbrush) has its own unique number, and the system is able not only to recognize which tool was brought to the active surface, but also to change the result of its application, depending on the settings.

In practice, this means that by purchasing a couple more feathers or an airbrush, you cannot switch instruments through the menu, but physically change them like real ones.

Although the tablets are equipped with USB cables (of sufficient length and with a thoughtful design of the connector), it is more convenient to work through the wireless interface. In Intuos 5, it was a separately purchased accessory, and now – part of the standard package.

Undoubtedly, this is a major improvement compared to Intuos 5, because the victim was given the opportunity to install one of three programs for working with images: the versions were not trial, but special, i.e. with less functionality.

Wacom offers its own solution, standard wireless interfaces of the computer are not used. To connect, you need to install the transmitting module and the battery in the tablet, and the receiver into the USB connector on the computer. The battery is charged via USB inside the tablet.

Prospects. How can anything change?

Ironically, this sounds, but the driving force behind the development of the tools market for creative work has recently become Microsoft. Focused on touch control, Windows 8 has driven manufacturers to release computers with touch-sensitive displays. This is still a novelty, and in a few years a situation is quite possible in which a conventional, non-touch screen becomes a rarity.

Wacom has begun experiments to create a pen that works with a capacitive touch screen and can transmit information about the force of pressing and tilting the computer.

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• Samsung is preparing to release a smartphone on the Android Go Edition (version of the operating system for the most low-cost and low-power smartphones);
• Samsung is losing (and will continue to fall) sales of the current flagship Galaxy S9 / S9 +;
• Samsung opens a plant in India to produce low-cost smartphones and flagships.

Nevertheless, all three events have one possible and most logical explanation. The company is afraid of losing market share. And the main struggle for the world share is likely to develop in the Indian market, the prospects of which we have already mentioned many times.

In the world, smartphone sales are not growing. But there are some countries where the demand is huge and the potential market too. India, other developing countries in Asia, a number of countries in Latin America and Africa.

The battle for India Samsung recently lost to Xiaomi: the population here is poor, is interested in cheap equipment, and it has many alternatives. However, this does not mean that Samsung will not try to regain the first place. The strength of the brand is still preserved, the sales channels are the same. Therefore, the smartphone on the Android Go – this is a good trump card in the fight against the audacious Chinese competitor, who plays in the low segment.

That sales of flagships are less than forecasts are not a big trouble for Samsung. As Mashable writes, this is still a big figure – this time. As we have already said, this does not undermine the business of the company, which basically earns on components – it’s two. And the slowdown in sales of flagship devices is happening in Apple too – this is three. The reason for the latter is simple – the life cycle and the price of a top-end smartphone are growing, buyers do not see the point of updating or updating on the models of previous generations, they will still become obsolete soon, given that interesting and tangible technological breakthroughs do not occur.

The top segment is the most interesting for manufacturers. There’s the biggest margin. Inexpensive models help in capturing the market share, although Samsung is well-sold and flagships. But if the upper segment will take place, on average, the same Xiaomi, Honor and other Chinese brands are already very good positions, then rely only on state employees who are in demand in developing countries.

At one time, Samsung lost the Chinese market – there is about 1% of the company, although even such a small fraction of the big pie is not bad.

Obviously, the Korean giant does not want to repeat the story in India, which becomes more attractive day by day, and dive from the top to the bottom.

India, in turn, stimulates domestic production, for this purpose duties on the import of components and devices are raised. Xiaomi for the sake of reducing the cost of devices in this market opened its factory here.

Samsung will also be able to reduce the cost of its inexpensive smartphones thanks to the plant (flagships, incidentally, too, their company will also produce at the new plant). And for a price-sensitive Indian audience, every penny is very important. This will be the largest production in the world, where 120 million models will be assembled annually.

Also, to become even more attractive to insolvent buyers, the company will launch smartphones on the Android Go market and thus be able to compete for a share in this market with other vendors that manufacture smartphones on this OS. And with the devices on KaiOS.

Loss in the Indian market with a high probability will lead to the loss of the first place in world sales.

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